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The World until Yesterday: What Can We Learn from Traditional Societies?
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Most of us take for granted the features of our modern society, from air travel and telecommunications to literacy and obesity. Yet for nearly all of its six million years of existence, human society had none of these things. While the gulf that divides us from our primitive ancestors may seem unbridgeably wide, we can glimpse much of our former lifestyle in those largely traditional societies still or recently in existence. Societies like those of the New Guinea Highlanders remind us that it was only yesterday - in evolutionary time - when everything changed and that we moderns still possess bodies and social practices often better adapted to traditional than to modern conditions.
The World until Yesterday provides a mesmerizing firsthand picture of the human past as it had been for millions of years - a past that has mostly vanished - and considers what the differences between that past and our present mean for our lives today.
This is Jared Diamond's most personal book to date, as he draws extensively from his decades of field work in the Pacific islands, as well as evidence from Inuit, Amazonian Indians, Kalahari San people, and others. Diamond doesn't romanticize traditional societies - after all, we are shocked by some of their practices - but he finds that their solutions to universal human problems such as child rearing, elder care, dispute resolution, risk, and physical fitness have much to teach us. A characteristically provocative, enlightening, and entertaining book, The World until Yesterday will be essential and delightful listening.
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 18 hours and 31 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: Penguin Audio
Audible.com Release Date: December 31, 2012
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Language: English, English
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Jared Diamond has written a very comprehensive and thorough book in "The World Until Yesterday". In it, he describes aspects of the cultures of different traditional societies and categorizes them into different sections, including treatment of the elderly, childrearing, religion, and health. The book is hefty at over 450 pages, and it is not light reading by any means - however, it is chockful of interesting information. If you want to know a lot of things about a lot of societies, then this book has it.So what's the problem? It's in the way that Diamond arranges the book. It is arranged by topic area, and each section starts with general descriptions of that topic area. After that, and throughout the remainder of each chapter, Diamond provides various examples of how one or more individual traditional societies manages the issue at hand. In doing so, he talks a great deal about some societies, and not very much about others. Not surprisingly, given his affinity for New Guinea, there is a lot about the traditional societies on that island in this book.The result of all of this are somewhat choppy chapters which are very comprehensive but not terribly cohesive. The book might have been easier to read if there had been sections on the individual societies, like the Inuit, but then it may have been difficult to compare the different societies' customs and traditions by topic. So while I found the book difficult to read at times, I am not sure that Diamond could have arranged it much differently with the same content.Overall, the book has a lot of great information and is very interesting, if you can get past the way it is organized. The content is very high level and not for the faint of heart. The material is so detailed that I could see this book being used for a cultural anthropology course.One last comment - Diamond does not have a great reference section in this book, and in some of the chapters I wanted to see where he got some of his information. He does have a section where he talks about his sources, but I would have preferred a simple bibliography so I could have looked up materials myself.
Bottom Line First: Jared Diamond’s The World Before Yesterday is Ok. Diamond struck gold with Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed: Revised Editionwhich was better than his Pulitzer Prize winning Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies] but here he has lost his mojo.The World Before Yesterday may pass as a backup read to go with a better undergraduate text in a real anthropology class or as a discussion starter for non-anthropologists but otherwise I am not sure who is the best audience for this book. Diamond makes a few good points, especially towards the end when he discusses how we in the modern or as he phases it the WIERD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) world might improve our diet to avoid modern world non-contagious diseases like hypertension and diabetes. Otherwise this is a collection of more or less well documented observations about how he thinks human society used to work before the centralized state.It is good to know that in the WEIRD world we are less likely to kill each other, no matter how industrialized and deadly modern warfare has become. Then again he was writing without considering the new cycles of killing in modern killing growing from the asymmetric warfare based on revenge killing motivated by religious hatreds. A failing in this regard is a failing to redo some of his observations by cross tabbing analysis between societies given to ancient cycles of warfare and ancient attitudes towards strangers and traders.A personal measure of my reaction to Yesterday is the fact that I had originally read it when it was first published about 5 years ago. I hat entirely forgotten reading it and was well into re reading it when I remembered anything from the first read. That is it is mostly a forgettable book.His advice about adopting the Paleolithic diet or the Mediterranean diet or at least the Italian habit of eating slowly may still have the support of qualified medical opinion, but as a taint of food fad about it. Certainly it is no long out of the box thinking that in the modern diet we eat too much sugar and too much processed food. Though in the case of processed food, we may just need a better set of definitions. In the case of so called organic food, a term Diamond wisely avoids, one cannot be certain what it means other than expensive.Against the criticism from the world of anthropology that Diamond gives too much weight to differences in climate. Diamond’s argument reads like the same economics argued by the folks behind Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. Look at the win loss analysis for a given type of cultural response and that is how that culture will develop, Diamond argues the math behind the cultivation of widely separate plots of land against eh obvious efficiency of working one large plot. The inefficient scattered plots pay off better in the case of crop failure and so that strategy wins.I do not dislike The World Before Yesterday, much of Diamonds thoughts are well argued. Mostly it lacks the clarity of purpose in the two earlier works. For all of its deliberate organization and systematic class room lecture style, it rambles and seems to be at cross purposes. Pre-state subsistence societies do have something to teach modern societies. Humans can learn from predator animals and flowering plants and the stars in the sky and from almost anything. I am not sure I can recommend all of those implied books or get too excited about this one.
This book is very anecdotal and at times condescending. It is very limited in scope and relies heavily on his own experiences in Papua New Guinea, with some discussion of a few ethnographic case studies--by no means a comprehensive review of the broad range of cultural expression around the world. While using this anthropological literature Diamond does seek to provide some support for his conclusions, much of this book reads like soft answers to a question posed to an undergraduate class in anthropology or geography. While I agree that it is problematic to romanticize what he terms "traditional societies," he does very little to problematize some of the more insidious aspects of state society. I also agree that there is much we can learn from cross cultural reflection, but it doesn't take 466 pages to suggest that we might do well to dispense with the salt shaker. I did enjoy some of the discussion regarding raising children and how risk is conceived and negotiated within different societies. Overall, the notion of learning from "traditional societies" is an important one, but this work falls a little flat to me. An okay book and easy read though
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